Study Details

Study Title: Evaluation of Pavement Safety Performance

Authors: Merritt et al.

Publication Date:FEB, 2015

Abstract: The intent of this study was to isolate the effects of various low-cost pavement treatments on roadway safety. This was a retrospective study of pavement safety performance, looking back at crash data before and after treatments were installed. Both flexible and rigid pavement treatments were analyzed, with the majority typically used for pavement preservation or minor rehabilitation purposes. Although State highway agencies recognize that most of these treatments generally improve pavement friction, they are not typically installed explicitly for safety improvement, with one exception, high-friction surfacing, which is typically applied as a spot safety treatment. The research was conducted as part of Phase VI of the Federal Highway Administration Evaluation of Low-Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study (ELCSI-PFS). This pooled fund study (PFS) was established to conduct research on the effectiveness of the safety improvements identified by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 500 guides as part of implementation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Strategic Highway Safety Plan. The intent of the work conducted under the various phases of the ELCSI-PFS is to provide a crash modification factor (CMF) and benefit-cost (BC) economic analysis for each of the targeted safety strategies identified as priorities by the PFS States. Under the effort described herein, CMFs and BC ratios were developed for various low-cost pavement treatments.

Study Citation: Merritt, D., C. Lyon, and B. Persaud. "Evaluation of Pavement Safety Performance". Report No. FHWA-HRT-14-065, Federal Highway Administration, February 2015

Related Citations: Lyon, C., B. Persaud and D. Merritt. "Large Scale Safety Evaluation of Low Cost Treatments that Improve Pavement Friction". Presented at the 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Paper No. 15-5017, Washington, D.C., (2015).

Study Report: Download the Study Report Document


CMFs Associated With This Study

Category: Roadway

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Chip Seal)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.89113 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.68324 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.88211.83 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.83174 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.87212.84 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9524.84 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.015-1.53 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.84515.53 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.115-11.53 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.029-2.93 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9247.63 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0464 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9274 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0394 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.9354 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.4234 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1414 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.2224 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.5194 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.0673 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.2143 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.4124 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.9973 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.3854 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.6564 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.0043 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.394 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.8924 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.8844 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.8654 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.8884 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.7754 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.053 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.964 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.2854 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0924 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0454 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.9974 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9954 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.654 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.654 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0144 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.6664 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9494 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9594 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.0534 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9994 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9334 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.0044 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9084 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.8924 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.874 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.834 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.9184 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.7094 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
1.2554 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.0054 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.2714 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
1.6044 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.2014 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.8624 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
1.0114 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.0114 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.6554 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.9374 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.0274 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.6824 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.8323 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysNot specified
0.574 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.6384 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9483 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.1474 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.1054 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.9594 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.7754 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.2064 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.3734 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9394 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9344 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.8834 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.954 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9374 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.8294 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Diamond grinding)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.9434 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9674 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.6424 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8694 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.954 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8694 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9168.44 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.77922.14 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9237.74 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9464 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.5954 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8624 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9594 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.74 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.954 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.9734 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.6064 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.8664 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.9574 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.7034 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.8993 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.1273 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.2213 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.7924 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.6414 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.5254 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.5764 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.724 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.7694 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.1064 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.484 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.8983 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.9514 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9754 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (grooving)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.7764 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysRural
0.7464 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysRural
0.6744 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysRural
0.6154 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysRural

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (HFS-High Friction Surfacing)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.65334.73 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.13986.13 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.75924.13 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.48151.93 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Microsurfacing)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
1.0753 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0363 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.1693 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9633 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.1013 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and Expressways
1.1783 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0064 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9724 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.9254 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.7854 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0394 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.094 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.184 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.1144 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.8674 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1424 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.0184 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.34 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.4194 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.143 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.814 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.2554 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.7184 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.8383 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.5164 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.7694 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.044 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.0994 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.0884 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.7614 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1294 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.1224 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0784 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.124 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.0164 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
1.0614 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.0794 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.7124 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
1.1084 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.0264 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.2264 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.9444 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.144 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
1.1054 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.7654 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.9583 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.444 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.6044 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.814 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.5053 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
1.0674 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.1234 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.0774 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.7754 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.4194 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
1.1734 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (OGFC-Open Graded Friction Course)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
1.0414 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0044 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8734 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.924 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0554 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.6434 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.064 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.0324 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.9744 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.9974 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.0684 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.8074 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.7474 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.7464 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.4814 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.5084 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8734 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.84615.44 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.81194 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.61838.24 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.57342.74 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9752.54 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.148-14.84 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.237-23.74 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.3074 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.7484 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.7434 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.4854 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.5064 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.8754 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.3064 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.9454 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9344 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8164 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.6854 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0084 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.4824 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0924 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9594 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.0284 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9814 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1084 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.1144 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1094 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.1284 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.1074 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0384 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.124 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.8784 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Slurry seal)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.9314 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9724 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.5784 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.8024 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9434 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.9364 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.8884 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.6694 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.7364 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.9594 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.6214 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (Thin HMA-Hot Mix Asphalt)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.7974 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0214 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9864 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9734 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.914 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0394 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9884 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.0214 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.424 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0434 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0194 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.6664 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9034 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0544 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.5514 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9674 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9084 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.4054 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9144 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.994 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8714 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.1884 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.1914 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.0514 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9554 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.2094 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.684 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.934 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9564 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.5664 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.8534 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9464 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.2224 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.2034 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.1674 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.2624 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0184 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.2234 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.9934 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1934 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.2584 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.1464 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.2734 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1754 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.0134 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.933 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.8814 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.0424 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.0914 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.0874 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
0.9724 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.9384 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.1044 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.7724 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.9073 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.9634 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.1034 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.5314 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.9574 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.754 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
1.0734 StarsAllAllAllAll
1.1254 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.2784 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
1.0694 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
1.0744 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.9994 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
1.1023 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9063 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.4713 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.6743 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.4013 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.014 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.1494 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1944 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
1.2474 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
1.184 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.2564 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
1.1814 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
1.0074 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.8654 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (UTBWC-Ultra thin bonded wearing course)

CMF CRF(%)QualityCrash TypeCrash SeverityRoadway TypeArea Type
0.8724 StarsAllAllNot specifiedAll
0.9563 StarsAllK,A,B,CNot specifiedAll
0.9083 StarsRun off roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.6944 StarsWet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9054 StarsDry weatherAllNot specifiedAll
0.554 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllNot specifiedAll
0.9264 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.6414 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.6324 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.3174 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.334 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.9623 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.6343 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.9854 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9964 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9454 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9614 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.9824 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.0754 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.9254 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.9644 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.8024 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllAllAll
0.9544 StarsAllAllAllAll
0.864 StarsAllK,A,B,CAllAll
1.264 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
0.9784 StarsWet roadAllAllAll
0.9484 StarsDry weatherAllAllAll
0.5024 StarsRun off roadAllAllAll
1.0173 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0613 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.173 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.7614 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0493 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8963 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9944 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8714 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9474 StarsWet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.0054 StarsDry weatherAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9174 StarsRun off road,Wet roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.9944 StarsAllAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
0.8754 StarsAllK,A,B,CPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll
1.1394 StarsRun off roadAllPrincipal Arterial Other Freeways and ExpresswaysAll