CRASH MODIFICATION FACTORS CLEARINGHOUSE

Study Details

Study Title: Toolbox of Countermeasures and Their Potential Effectiveness to Make Intersections Safer

Authors: ITE

Publication Date: 2004

Abstract:

Study Citation: Institute of Transportation Engineers, "Toolbox of Countermeasures and Their Potential Effectiveness to Make Intersections Safer." Briefing Sheet 8, ITE, FHWA, (2004)

CMFs Associated With This Study

Category: Access management

Countermeasure: Install raised median

Countermeasure: Install raised median (unsignalized intersection)

Category:Delineation

Countermeasure: Install raised pavement markers

Countermeasure: Mark pavement with supplementary warning messages

Category:Highway lighting

Countermeasure: Install lighting

Category:Intersection geometry

Countermeasure: Convert four-leg intersection into two three-leg intersections

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane (physical channelization)

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane (signal has left-turn phase)

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane (signal has no turn phase)

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane (within existing curbs)

Countermeasure: Install left-turn lane and add turn phase

Countermeasure: Install refuge islands

Countermeasure: Install right-turn lane

Category:Intersection traffic control

Countermeasure: Add centerline and move STOP bar to extended curb lines

Countermeasure: Add centerline and move STOP bar to extended curb lines, double stop signs

Countermeasure: Add centerline and STOP bar, replace 24-inch with 30-inch stop signs

Countermeasure: Add exclusive pedestrian phasing

Countermeasure: Add signal (additional primary head)

Countermeasure: Convert minor-road stop control to all-way stop control

Countermeasure: Convert signal from pedestal-mounted to mast arm

Countermeasure: Convert Yield control to STOP control

Countermeasure: Improve visibility of signal heads (install two red displays in each head)

Countermeasure: Install beacon (flashing) at intersection

Countermeasure: Install double stop signs

Countermeasure: Install flashing beacons as advance warning

Countermeasure: Install larger signal lenses (12 inch)

Countermeasure: Install signal backplates only

Countermeasure: Install STOP bars (pedestrian crosswalk)

Countermeasure: Install STOP bars (STOP bar on minor road approaches, with short segments of centerline)

Countermeasure: Modify signal phasing (implement a leading pedestrian interval)

Countermeasure: Prohibit right-turn-on-red

Countermeasure: Provide protected left-turn phase

Countermeasure: Provide signal coordination

Countermeasure: Provide split phases

Countermeasure: Remove unwarranted signals

Countermeasure: Replace Night-Time Flash with Steady Operation

Countermeasure: Replace signal lenses with optical lenses

Category:On-street parking

Countermeasure: Restrict parking near intersections (to off-street)

Category:Pedestrians

Countermeasure: Install angled median crosswalk

Countermeasure: Install pedestrian crossing (signed and marked with curb ramps and extensions)

Countermeasure: Install pedestrian overpass/underpass

Countermeasure: Install pedestrian overpass/underpass (unsignalized intersection)

Countermeasure: Install raised pedestrian crosswalks

Category:Roadway

Countermeasure: Improve pavement friction (groove)

Countermeasure: Resurface pavement

Category:Signs

Countermeasure: Install advance warning signs (positive guidance)

Category:Speed management

Countermeasure: Increase enforcement to reduce speed

Countermeasure: Install transverse rumble strips on approaches

Category:Transit

Countermeasure: Install far-side bus stops

Countermeasure: Install far-side bus stops (signalized intersection)

This site is funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
and maintained by the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center

For more information, contact Sarah Weissman Pascual at sarah.pascual@dot.gov